Why does glomerulonephritis cause hematuria?
Glomerulonephritis is a common kidney disease whose main feature is glomerular inflammation. Hematuria is one of the typical symptoms of glomerulonephritis, and many patients are confused by it. This article will analyze in detail the causes of hematuria caused by glomerulonephritis, and combine it with structured data to help readers better understand this phenomenon.
1. Pathological mechanism of glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is caused by an abnormal immune system attack on the glomeruli, resulting in an inflammatory response and structural damage. The following are the main pathological changes of glomerulonephritis:
| Pathological changes | Specific performance |
|---|---|
| immune complex deposition | Antibodies bind to antigens and are deposited in the glomerulus, causing inflammation. |
| glomerular basement membrane injury | Inflammation causes the basement membrane to break and red blood cells to leak out |
| capillary endothelial cell swelling | Swelling of endothelial cells further impedes blood filtration |
2. Causes of hematuria
Hematuria in glomerulonephritis is mainly caused by the following mechanisms:
| Reason | Detailed description |
|---|---|
| Disruption of glomerular filtration barrier | Inflammation leads to compromised filtration barrier integrity and red blood cells entering the urine |
| Increased capillary permeability | Inflammatory factors increase capillary permeability and red blood cells leak |
| intraglomerular hypertension | Increased pressure within the glomerulus forces red blood cells into the urine |
3. Clinical characteristics of glomerulonephritis and hematuria
Hematuria caused by glomerulonephritis usually has the following characteristics:
| Features | Description |
|---|---|
| color | Usually it is meat washing water or brown color |
| accompanying symptoms | Often accompanied by proteinuria, edema, and hypertension |
| microscopy | Deformed red blood cells and red blood cell casts may be seen |
4. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis
For hematuria caused by glomerulonephritis, the following examinations are needed to confirm the diagnosis:
| Check items | clinical significance |
|---|---|
| Urine routine | Detect red blood cells, proteins and other indicators |
| Urine red blood cell morphology | Distinguish between glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria |
| Kidney function test | Assess kidney filtration function |
| kidney biopsy | Identify the type and severity of pathology |
5. Treatment and prognosis
Treatment of glomerulonephritis focuses on the cause and symptoms:
| Treatment measures | Mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| immunosuppressive therapy | Reduce glomerular inflammatory response |
| Antihypertensive treatment | Control intraglomerular pressure |
| supportive care | Maintain water and electrolyte balance |
6. Prevention and daily management
To prevent glomerulonephritis and its complications, you need to pay attention to the following points:
| Precautions | Specific content |
|---|---|
| control infection | Prompt treatment of strep throat, skin infections, etc. |
| Regular physical examination | Early detection of urinary abnormalities |
| healthy lifestyle | Low-salt diet, moderate exercise |
Summary
The main cause of hematuria caused by glomerulonephritis is the destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier and the inflammatory reaction. By understanding its pathological mechanisms and clinical manifestations, this disease can be better diagnosed and treated. Early detection and intervention are critical to improving prognosis. If you have symptoms such as hematuria, it is recommended to seek medical examination in time.
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